{"id":104309,"date":"2019-11-07T08:38:35","date_gmt":"2019-11-07T13:38:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/?p=104309"},"modified":"2020-08-21T11:38:32","modified_gmt":"2020-08-21T15:38:32","slug":"researchers-discover-universal-mechanisms-controlling-terrestrial-and-astrophysical-explosions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/researchers-discover-universal-mechanisms-controlling-terrestrial-and-astrophysical-explosions\/","title":{"rendered":"Researchers Discover Universal Mechanisms Controlling Terrestrial and Astrophysical Explosions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Type Ia supernovae are thermonuclear explosions of white dwarf stars that release more energy than the Sun emits in a billion of years. The exact mechanism of these explosions\u00a0has long been a mystery \u2013 until now.<\/p>\n<p>In a new study published in <em>Science Magazine<\/em>, researchers detail the mechanisms that control the transition from a slow subsonic burning to supersonic detonations for terrestrial gas explosions and thermonuclear supernovae. Astronomers study Type Ia supernovae in part as a tool used to improve estimates of the expansion rate and age of the universe.<\/p>\n<p><em>An earlier version of this story posted Nov. 1 incorrectly linked the research findings to the Big Bang. The research can potentially aid the understanding of certain kinds of supernovae.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The researchers from the University of Central Florida, University of Connecticut, Texas A&amp;M University, the Naval Research Laboratory, and the Air Force Research Laboratory offer details about the mechanisms that likely are involved in both Type Ia supernovae\u00a0 and hypersonic jet propulsion.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe defined the critical criteria where we can drive a flame to self-generate its own turbulence, spontaneously accelerate, and transition into detonation,\u201d says Kareem<\/p>\n<p>Ahmed, an assistant professor in UCF\u2019s Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and co-author of the study. \u201cWe\u2019re using the turbulence to enhance the burning to the point where it transitions into a violent detonation. The same process is likely to occur in the thermonuclear detonation of supernovae, which are exploding stars in simple terms,\u201d Ahmed says. \u201cIn our lab, we\u2019re taking a relatively slow flame to where it\u2019s propagating five times the speed of sound.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The researcher uncovered the universal criteria for a transition to detonation while exploring methods for hypersonic jet propulsion.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe explored this mechanism as we investigate supersonic burning regimes for propulsion,\u201d Ahmed says. \u201cThe mechanism is general enough to be applied to astrophysical explosions.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The key is applying the right amount of turbulence to an unconfined flame until it starts to generate shocks and self-accelerate to produce a Mach 5 detonation wave, he says.<\/p>\n<p>Applications for the discovery could include faster air and space travel and improved power generation. The discovery was made by using a unique turbulent shock tube that allowed explosions to be created and analyzed in a contained environment. Ultra-high-speed lasers and cameras were used to measure the explosions and help indicate what factors were needed to reach the point where a flame transition to a detonation.<\/p>\n<p>The unique turbulent shock tube facility was developed at UCF\u2019s Propulsion and Energy Research Laboratory, for testing hypersonic combustion regimes.<\/p>\n<p>Co-authors of the study were Alexei Y. Poludnenko, an associate professor in the University of Connecticut\u2019s Department of Mechanical Engineering and the study\u2019s lead author; Jessica Chambers, a doctoral student in UCF\u2019s Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Vadim N. Gamezo, with the Naval Research Laboratory; and Brian D. Taylor, with the Air Force Research Laboratory.<\/p>\n<p>The authors of the study acknowledge the long-term support by the Energy, Combustion and Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Portfolio of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research in the areas of turbulent combustion and detonation via grants 12RSA-MFD001, 15RT0942, 16RT0673\/FA9550-16-1-0441 and 19RT0258\/FA9550-19-0322 (Program Manager: Dr. Chiping Li).<\/p>\n<p>The work was also supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration via grant NNH12AT33I (Technical Monitor: Dr. Keith MacGregor), and the Alpha Foundation for the Improvement of Mine Safety and Health (Technical Monitor: Dr. Thomas Barczak) via grant AFC215FO-73. Computing resources were provided by the Department of Defense under the Frontier project award and by the Naval Research Laboratory.<\/p>\n<p>Ahmed earned his doctoral degree in mechanical engineering from University at Buffalo\u00a0\u2013 The State University of New York. He worked at Pratt &amp; Whitney Military Engines and\u00a0Old Dominion University prior to joining UCF\u2019s Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, part of the College of Engineering and Computer Science, in 2015. He is a faculty member of The Center for Advanced Turbomachinery and Energy Research, associate fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, AFRL Faculty Research Fellow, and a member of UCF\u2019s Energy Conversion and Propulsion Cluster.<\/p>\n<p>Learn more about UCF&#8217;s role in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/aerospace-defense-industry\/\">aerospace and defense industries<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><em>In a new study, researchers explain the physical mechanisms for chemical systems and exploding stars.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":104134,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"lazy_load_responsive_images_disabled":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":"","_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"categories":[5,23],"tags":[973],"tu_author":[],"class_list":["post-104309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-colleges","category-research","tag-college-of-engineering-and-computer-science"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Researchers Discover Universal Mechanisms Controlling Terrestrial and Astrophysical Explosions | University of Central Florida News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In a new study, researchers explain the physical mechanisms for chemical systems and exploding stars.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/researchers-discover-universal-mechanisms-controlling-terrestrial-and-astrophysical-explosions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Researchers Discover Universal Mechanisms Controlling Terrestrial and Astrophysical Explosions\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In a new study, researchers explain the physical mechanisms for chemical systems and exploding stars.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/researchers-discover-universal-mechanisms-controlling-terrestrial-and-astrophysical-explosions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"University of Central Florida News | UCF Today\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/UCF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-11-07T13:38:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-08-21T15:38:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2019\/10\/big_bang_for_web.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Zenaida Kotala\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@UCF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@UCF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Zenaida Kotala\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/researchers-discover-universal-mechanisms-controlling-terrestrial-and-astrophysical-explosions\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/researchers-discover-universal-mechanisms-controlling-terrestrial-and-astrophysical-explosions\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Zenaida Kotala\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4f0fdedfa744a8bfddd06132e6ce9b5e\"},\"headline\":\"Researchers Discover Universal Mechanisms Controlling Terrestrial and Astrophysical Explosions\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-11-07T13:38:35+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-08-21T15:38:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/researchers-discover-universal-mechanisms-controlling-terrestrial-and-astrophysical-explosions\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":713,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/researchers-discover-universal-mechanisms-controlling-terrestrial-and-astrophysical-explosions\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/blogs.dir\\\/20\\\/files\\\/2019\\\/10\\\/big_bang_for_web.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"College of Engineering and Computer Science\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Colleges &amp; 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