{"id":106900,"date":"2020-02-24T11:18:48","date_gmt":"2020-02-24T16:18:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/?p=106900"},"modified":"2020-02-24T14:09:50","modified_gmt":"2020-02-24T19:09:50","slug":"new-study-offers-clues-to-origin-of-laws","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/new-study-offers-clues-to-origin-of-laws\/","title":{"rendered":"New Study Offers Clues to Origin of Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Speculation about where laws come from ranges from crediting judges and legal scholars to God.<\/p>\n<p>However new research co-authored by a University of Central Florida researcher and appearing in the journal <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41562-020-0827-8\">Nature Human Behaviour<\/a><\/em> today offers evidence that criminal laws come from an intuitive and shared, universal sense of justice that humans possess.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe sometimes think of the law as this completely rational enterprise that is the result of wise experts sitting around a table and working from logical principles,\u201d says Carlton Patrick, an assistant professor in the University of Central Florida\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/ccie.ucf.edu\/legalstudies\/\">Department of Legal Studies<\/a> and study co-author. \u201cAnd instead, what this study suggests is that these intuitions that people tend to share about justice may be the things that are becoming institutionalized.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Patrick and Daniel Sznycer, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Montreal and the study\u2019s lead author, made the finding by comparing modern and ancient people\u2019s sense of whether a punishment fits a crime.<\/p>\n<p>And while previous studies have examined people\u2019s intuitions about justice, this is the first one that compared them across thousands of years.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_106902\" style=\"max-width: 1200px;\" class=\"figure\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" class=\"figure-img  img-fluid w-100 size-full wp-image-106902\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/02\/carlton_patrick_for_web.jpg\" alt=\"Carlton Patrick is with UCF's Department of Legal Studies\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/02\/carlton_patrick_for_web.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/02\/carlton_patrick_for_web-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/02\/carlton_patrick_for_web-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/02\/carlton_patrick_for_web-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/02\/carlton_patrick_for_web-360x240.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" class=\"figure-img  img-fluid w-100 size-full wp-image-106902 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201200%20800%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"Carlton Patrick is with UCF's Department of Legal Studies\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201200%20800%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/02\/carlton_patrick_for_web.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/02\/carlton_patrick_for_web-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/02\/carlton_patrick_for_web-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/02\/carlton_patrick_for_web-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/02\/carlton_patrick_for_web-360x240.jpg 360w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/02\/carlton_patrick_for_web.jpg\"><figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">Carlton Patrick is an assistant professor in the University of Central Florida\u2019s Department of Legal Studies who co-authored the study.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Using participants from the United States and India, the researchers had people rate offenses from one of three legal codes: the Laws of Eshnunna, Sumerian laws from nearly 3,800 years ago; the Tang Code, Chinese laws from nearly 1,400 years ago; and the Criminal Code of Pennsylvania, which reflects modern U.S. laws.<\/p>\n<p>Participants were shown the offenses, but not the punishments that the law established.<\/p>\n<p>The crimes ranged from ancient offenses, such as not keeping an ox in check, which caused a person to be gored, to modern ones, such as assault.<\/p>\n<p>Some participants were asked to determine the appropriate fines for each offense, while others were asked to determine prison sentences.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers found that the more seriously modern people judged a crime to be, the higher the actual legal punishment for the crime.<\/p>\n<p>This was despite participants living in different countries and legal codes that were separated by thousands of years.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe match between participants\u2019 intuitions and ancient laws was notable,\u201d Sznycer says.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cThis new research adds empirical weight to the possibility that the capacity to make laws\u2014the brain mechanisms that appraise offenses and generate justice intuitions\u2014are universal, and a part of human nature.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u201cCriminal laws, like the writing that supports those laws, are cultural inventions: present in some societies, absent in others,\u201d he says. \u201cHowever, this new research adds empirical weight to the possibility that the capacity to make laws\u2014the brain mechanisms that appraise offenses and generate justice intuitions\u2014are universal, and a part of human nature.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Patrick says the study is an important step in helping to demystify the origin of laws.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI think what this study does is lead us into the black box a little bit,\u201d he says. \u201cIt removes one layer of the shroud of mystery that surrounds the lawmaking process, and it also gets us closer to understanding why we sometimes feel that something\u2019s wrong, even when we can\u2019t explain why.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Patrick received his law degree from Boston University School of Law, his doctorate and master\u2019s in psychology from the University of Miami and his bachelor\u2019s from Florida State University. He joined UCF\u2019s Department of Legal Studies, which is a part of UCF\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/ccie.ucf.edu\/\">College of Community Innovation and Education<\/a>, in 2018.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The study found that despite living in separate countries and legal codes separated by thousands of years, people have a universal intuition about whether a punishment fits a crime.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":66,"featured_media":106966,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"lazy_load_responsive_images_disabled":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":"","_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[2805],"tu_author":[],"class_list":["post-106900","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research","tag-legal-studies"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin 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