{"id":115726,"date":"2020-11-23T10:37:19","date_gmt":"2020-11-23T15:37:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/?p=115726"},"modified":"2020-11-23T10:51:22","modified_gmt":"2020-11-23T15:51:22","slug":"ucf-researcher-zeroes-in-on-critical-point-for-improving-superconductors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/ucf-researcher-zeroes-in-on-critical-point-for-improving-superconductors\/","title":{"rendered":"UCF Researcher Zeroes in on Critical Point for Improving Superconductors"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The search for a superconductor that can work under less extreme conditions than hundreds of degrees below zero or at pressures like those near the center of the Earth is a quest for a revolutionary new power &#8211; one that\u2019s needed for magnetically levitating cars and ultra-efficient power grids of the future.<\/p>\n<p>But developing this kind of \u201croom temperature\u201d superconductor is a feat science has yet to achieve.<\/p>\n<p>A University of Central Florida researcher, however, is working to move this goal closer to realization, with some of his latest research published recently in the journal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42005-020-00448-5\"><em>Communications Physics \u2013 Nature<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In the study, Yasuyuki Nakajima, an assistant professor in UCF\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/sciences.ucf.edu\/physics\/\">Department of Physics<\/a>, and co-authors showed they could get a closer look at what is happening in \u201cstrange\u201d metals.<\/p>\n<p>These \u201cstrange\u201d metals are special materials that show unusual temperature behavior in electrical resistance. The \u201cstrange\u201d metallic behavior is found in many high-temperature superconductors when they are not in a superconducting state, which makes them useful to scientists studying how certain metals become high-temperature superconductors.<\/p>\n<p>This work is important because insight into the quantum behavior of electrons in the \u201cstrange\u201d metallic phase could allow researchers to understand a mechanism for superconductivity at higher temperatures.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_115733\" style=\"max-width: 200px;\" class=\"figure float-right\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" class=\"figure-img  img-fluid w-100 size-medium wp-image-115733\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/11\/Yasuyuki_Nakajima_for_web-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"Yasuyuki Nakajima\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/11\/Yasuyuki_Nakajima_for_web-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/11\/Yasuyuki_Nakajima_for_web-533x800.jpg 533w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/11\/Yasuyuki_Nakajima_for_web-341x512.jpg 341w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/11\/Yasuyuki_Nakajima_for_web-267x400.jpg 267w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/11\/Yasuyuki_Nakajima_for_web-240x360.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/11\/Yasuyuki_Nakajima_for_web.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" class=\"figure-img  img-fluid w-100 size-medium wp-image-115733 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20200%20300%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"Yasuyuki Nakajima\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20200%20300%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/11\/Yasuyuki_Nakajima_for_web-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/11\/Yasuyuki_Nakajima_for_web-533x800.jpg 533w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/11\/Yasuyuki_Nakajima_for_web-341x512.jpg 341w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/11\/Yasuyuki_Nakajima_for_web-267x400.jpg 267w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/11\/Yasuyuki_Nakajima_for_web-240x360.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/11\/Yasuyuki_Nakajima_for_web.jpg 800w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/11\/Yasuyuki_Nakajima_for_web-200x300.jpg\"><figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">Yasuyuki Nakajima, an assistant professor in UCF\u2019s Department of Physics, investigated what is happening in \u201cstrange\u201d metals as part of a new study in Communications Physics \u2013 Nature.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cIf we know the theory to describe these behaviors, we may be able to design high-temperature superconductors,\u201d Nakajima says.<\/p>\n<p>Superconductors get their name because they are the ultimate conductors of electricity. Unlike a conductor, they have zero resistance, which, like an electronic \u201cfriction,\u201d causes electricity to lose power as it flows through a conductor like copper or gold wire.<\/p>\n<p>This makes superconductors a dream material for supplying power to cities as the energy saved by using resistance-free wire would be huge.<\/p>\n<p>Powerful superconductors also can levitate heavy magnets, paving the way for practical and affordable magnetically levitating cars, trains and more.<\/p>\n<p>To turn a conductor into a superconductor, the metal material must be cooled to an extremely low temperature to lose all electrical resistance, an abrupt process that physics has yet to develop a fully comprehensive theory to explain.<\/p>\n<p>These critical temperatures at which the switch is made are often in the range of -220 to -480 degrees Fahrenheit and typically involve an expensive and cumbersome cooling system using liquid nitrogen or helium.<\/p>\n<p>Some researchers have achieved superconductors that work at about 59 degrees Fahrenheit, but it was also at a pressure of more than 2 million times of that at the Earth\u2019s surface.<\/p>\n<p>In the study, Nakajima and the researchers were able to measure and characterize electron behavior in a \u201cstrange\u201d metallic state of non-superconducting material, an iron pnictide alloy, near a quantum critical point at which electrons switch from having predictable, individual behavior to moving collectively in quantum-mechanical fluctuations that are challenging for scientists to describe theoretically.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers were able to measure and describe the electron behavior by using a unique metal mix in which nickel and cobalt were substituted for iron in a process called doping, thus creating an iron pnictide alloy that didn\u2019t superconduct down to -459.63 degrees Fahrenheit, far below the point at which a conductor would typically become a superconductor.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe used an alloy, a relative compound of high temperature iron-based superconductor, in which the ratio of the constituents, iron, cobalt and nickel in this case, is fine-tuned so that there\u2019s no superconductivity even near absolute zero,\u201d Nakajima says. \u201cThis allows us to access the critical point at which quantum fluctuations govern the behavior of the electrons and study how they behave in the compound.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>They found the behavior of the electrons was not described by any known theoretical predictions, but that the scattering rate at which the electrons were transported across the material can be associated with what\u2019s known as the Planckian dissipation, the quantum speed limit on how fast matter can transport energy.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe quantum critical behavior we observed is quite unusual and completely differs from the theories and experiments for known quantum critical materials,\u201d Nakajima says. \u201cThe next step is to map the doping-phase diagram in this iron pnictide alloy system.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe ultimate goal is to design higher temperature superconductors,\u201d he says. \u201cIf we can do that, we can use them for magnetic resonance imaging scans, magnetic levitation, power grids, and more, with low costs.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Unlocking ways to predict the resistance behavior of \u201cstrange\u201d metals would not only improve superconductor development but also inform theories behind other quantum-level phenomena, Nakajima says.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cRecent theoretical developments show surprising connections between black holes, gravity and quantum information theory through the Planckian dissipation,\u201d he says. \u201cHence, the research of \u2018strange\u2019 metallic behavior has also become a hot topic in this context.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Co-authors included researchers from the University of Maryland; the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research; the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at Florida State University; the Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research in Dresden, Germany; the Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in China; and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research in Toronto, Canada.<\/p>\n<p>The research was funded by the National Science Foundation Division of Materials Research, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation\u2019s EPiQS Initiative. Some of the work was performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, which is supported by an NSF cooperative agreement with the State of Florida. Pressure measurements were supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology.<\/p>\n<p>Nakajima received his doctorate in physics from the University of Tokyo in Japan and worked as a postdoctoral research associate at the Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials at the University of Maryland. He joined UCF\u2019s Department of Physics, part of UCF\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/sciences.ucf.edu\/\">College of Sciences<\/a>, in 2016.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><em>A superconductor that can operate at room temperature would be a dream material able to efficiently power the cities of tomorrow and magnetically levitate cars.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":66,"featured_media":115731,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"lazy_load_responsive_images_disabled":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":"","_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"categories":[5,23,24],"tags":[982,10899],"tu_author":[],"class_list":["post-115726","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-colleges","category-research","category-science-technology","tag-college-of-sciences","tag-department-of-physics"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>UCF Researcher Zeroes in on Critical Point for Improving Superconductors | University of Central Florida News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A superconductor that can operate at room temperature would be a dream material able to efficiently power the cities of tomorrow and magnetically levitate cars.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/ucf-researcher-zeroes-in-on-critical-point-for-improving-superconductors\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"UCF Researcher Zeroes in on Critical Point for Improving Superconductors\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A superconductor that can operate at room temperature would be a dream material able to efficiently power the cities of tomorrow and magnetically levitate cars.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/ucf-researcher-zeroes-in-on-critical-point-for-improving-superconductors\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"University of Central Florida News | UCF Today\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/UCF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-11-23T15:37:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-11-23T15:51:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2020\/11\/superconductor_for_web.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"UCF Today\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@UCF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@UCF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"UCF Today\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/ucf-researcher-zeroes-in-on-critical-point-for-improving-superconductors\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/ucf-researcher-zeroes-in-on-critical-point-for-improving-superconductors\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"UCF Today\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/1aebb3df3a7ab485359dde7d3c88ef4e\"},\"headline\":\"UCF Researcher Zeroes in on Critical Point for Improving Superconductors\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-23T15:37:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-11-23T15:51:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/ucf-researcher-zeroes-in-on-critical-point-for-improving-superconductors\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":992,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/ucf-researcher-zeroes-in-on-critical-point-for-improving-superconductors\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/blogs.dir\\\/20\\\/files\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/superconductor_for_web.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"College of Sciences\",\"Department of Physics\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Colleges &amp; 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