{"id":127309,"date":"2022-03-28T18:22:02","date_gmt":"2022-03-28T22:22:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/?p=127309"},"modified":"2022-03-28T18:22:02","modified_gmt":"2022-03-28T22:22:02","slug":"student-research-week-how-a-special-bacteria-and-vitamin-d-impact-immunity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/student-research-week-how-a-special-bacteria-and-vitamin-d-impact-immunity\/","title":{"rendered":"Student Research Week: How a Special Bacteria and Vitamin D Impact Immunity"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>While growing up <strong>Joseph Vaccaro \u201921MS<\/strong> was told that the mind is a beautiful thing that should be used to improve the world.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s that parental mantra that helped him discover his path from Montrose, Pennsylvania, to College of Medicine Professor Saleh Naser\u2019s laboratory at UCF. Naser studies the association of <em>Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis<\/em>(MAP) with Crohn\u2019s disease and Type I diabetes. Vaccaro is conducting research in his lab as part of his <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/degree\/biomedical-sciences-phd\/\">doctoral work in biomedical sciences<\/a>. He will be presenting part of his investigation during the Student Scholar Symposium this week. The symposium is part of &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/researchweek.ucf.edu\/\">Student Research Week<\/a>, which is free, open to the public and ongoing in the Student Union this week.<\/p>\n<p>The graduate student\u2019s ultimate goal is to become a vaccine designer at a biotechnology company or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. He wouldn\u2019t be the first Knight to do it. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/pegasus\/covid-19-big-shot\/\"><strong>Darin Edwards &#8217;97 &#8217;10MS &#8217;11PhD<\/strong>&nbsp;was part of the team that created Moderna&#8217;s COVID-19 vaccine<\/a>. Vaccaro wants to do his part, too.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_127311\" style=\"max-width: 300px;\" class=\"figure\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"figure-img size-medium wp-image-127311 img-fluid\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2022\/03\/SecondaryVacarro1Full-300x200.jpg\" alt srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2022\/03\/SecondaryVacarro1Full-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2022\/03\/SecondaryVacarro1Full-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2022\/03\/SecondaryVacarro1Full-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2022\/03\/SecondaryVacarro1Full-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2022\/03\/SecondaryVacarro1Full.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"figure-img size-medium wp-image-127311 img-fluid lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20300%20200%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20300%20200%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2022\/03\/SecondaryVacarro1Full-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2022\/03\/SecondaryVacarro1Full-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2022\/03\/SecondaryVacarro1Full-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2022\/03\/SecondaryVacarro1Full-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2022\/03\/SecondaryVacarro1Full.jpg 1200w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2022\/03\/SecondaryVacarro1Full-300x200.jpg\"><figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">Joseph Vaccaro \u201921MS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Vaccaro shares some of his research findings and why it\u2019s important to conduct studies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why are you pursuing your major or field of study?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>I\u2019ve always been fascinated by the mechanisms of infection and immunity. UCF has given me the opportunity to take a closer look at the boundary between host and pathogen in this course of study.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What does your research examine and how does it impacts the community?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>My research looks at the effects of a bacterium called&nbsp;<em>Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis<\/em>, or MAP, on vitamin D signaling in immune cells. This research is important for patients infected with MAP, which includes people with rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn\u2019s Disease. The results show that vitamin D supplements may be less effective for reducing inflammation in MAP-positive patients. Most people know that vitamin D is important for bone health, but it\u2019s also a critical signal for parts of the immune system and a lack of active vitamin D in a type of cell called macrophages leads to increased inflammation and a weakened response to bacterial infection. The data shows that MAP can stop macrophages from processing vitamin D\u2019s signal in the cell, which lets the bacterium survive longer and cause more damaging inflammation. My colleagues and I discovered that a protein called cathelicidin is responsible for translating the signal from vitamin D into reduced inflammation and pathogen destruction, and MAP survives better when cathelicidin is blocked or absent.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How did did you develop the idea for your research project?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>My project is part of an ongoing effort in Dr. Saleh Naser\u2019s laboratory to examine how persistent mycobacterial infection affects the immune system, especially in the context of chronic disease. Previous work has identified changes in nicotine signaling in MAP-positive Crohn\u2019s patients and worsening rheumatoid arthritis symptoms during MAP infection. A fascinating paper in 2019 discovered that&nbsp;M. (mycobacterium) tuberculosis, which is related to MAP, can interfere with vitamin D signaling in macrophages. Dr. (Ahmad) Qasem, our postdoctoral scholar, reasoned that something similar might be happening during MAP infection.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What should people know about your research?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This research hinges on the fact that most vitamin D in the human body is inactive and freely circulates in the blood. The kidneys can activate a small amount of inactive vitamin D during conditions of low calcium, but this isn\u2019t enough to stimulate the immune cells and it can\u2019t be fixed with normal commercial supplements, which are inactive. However, since MAP is susceptible to certain commercial antibiotic cocktails, the problem of blocked vitamin D signaling may be fixable in MAP-positive patients, which is what we are aiming to help people with.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why does research matter to you?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>I was raised to believe that our minds are a gift, and that knowledge is a tool to make the world a better place. Every bit of knowledge we create about human health is one tiny step towards easing suffering and making someone else\u2019s life safer and better. I will always be proud to be a part of that process.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why did you choose UCF?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>I chose UCF because I was impressed with the breadth of programs and variety of innovative research opportunities offered. It seemed like a place where anyone could find their niche. The location of the campus in sunny Orlando certainly didn\u2019t hurt either.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What are some of your other interests?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>I like to read and write short stories, as well as play tabletop games.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph.D. student <strong>Joseph Vaccaro \u201921MS<\/strong> looks at the role of the bacteria connected to Crohn\u2019s Disease for potential clues about the body\u2019s immunity system.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":127310,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"lazy_load_responsive_images_disabled":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":"","_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"categories":[12,23,27],"tags":[653,11,979,14916,7093],"tu_author":[],"class_list":["post-127309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","category-research","category-student-life","tag-burnett-school-of-biomedical-sciences","tag-graduate-studies","tag-college-of-medicine","tag-research","tag-student-research-week"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Student Research Week: How a Special Bacteria and Vitamin D Impact Immunity | University of Central Florida 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