{"id":139691,"date":"2024-02-19T09:55:07","date_gmt":"2024-02-19T14:55:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/?p=139691"},"modified":"2024-02-19T11:06:14","modified_gmt":"2024-02-19T16:06:14","slug":"ucf-researchers-help-find-evidence-of-geothermal-activity-within-icy-dwarf-planets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/ucf-researchers-help-find-evidence-of-geothermal-activity-within-icy-dwarf-planets\/","title":{"rendered":"UCF Researchers Help Find Evidence of Geothermal Activity within Icy Dwarf Planets"},"content":{"rendered":"

University of Central Florida Florida Space Institute<\/a> researchers are part of a team of scientists who have found evidence of geothermal activity within icy dwarf planets in our solar system.<\/p>\n

Using the James Webb Space Telescope, the team \u2014 led by the Southwest Research Institute and Lowell Observatory \u2014 observed geologically young methane deposits on the surfaces of Eris and Makemake, icy dwarf planets located in the Kuiper Belt in the outer regions of our solar system. These are the first observations of rare methane isotopologues on large, trans-Neptunian objects, minor bodies of the Solar System that lie beyond Neptune.<\/p>\n

The findings, published recently in two studies in the journal Icarus<\/em>, indicate geochemical processes deep in the planets\u2019 interiors and set the stage for considering Eris and Makemake as possible ocean worlds and the most distant candidates for habitability in the solar system.<\/p>\n

The results provide additional evidence that icy worlds \u2014 rather than being cold and inactive \u2014 can be much more internally evolved than once believed.<\/p>\n

\u201cEris and Makemake unveil a surprising narrative of internal dynamism,\u201d says study co-author Noem\u00ed Pinilla-Alonso, a research professor with FSI. \u201cThe possibility of subsurface oceans and the revelation of rare, methane isotopologues CH3<\/sub>D and 13<\/sup>CH4<\/sub> on these distant worlds challenge the conventional wisdom of primordial compositions in large trans-Neptunian Objects.\u201d<\/p>\n

She says the geochemical evolution of the dwarf planets, as unveiled by Webb spectroscopy, hints at a complex interplay of cryovolcanic processes and warm, or even hot, rocky cores.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis not only redefines our understanding of these icy worlds but also emphasizes the pivotal role of endogenic forces in shaping the outer solar system bodies,” Pinilla-Alonso says.<\/p>\n

Study co-author Ana Carolina de Souza Feliciano, a planetary science postdoctoral fellow at FSI, says previous data analysis from ground-based observations showed that Eris and Makemake resembled Pluto’s surface composition in terms of a large amount of methane ice features, contrasting with the other celestial bodies that also orbit in the region beyond Neptune.<\/p>\n

She says JWST observations combined with geochemical models have provided scientists with the tools to study the interiors of dwarf planets, and the discoveries made in the first year of JWST operations anticipate the need to continue using it to explore the region beyond Neptune.<\/p>\n

How the Research Was Performed<\/strong><\/p>\n

The JWST team measured the composition of the dwarf planets\u2019 surfaces, particularly the deuterium (heavy hydrogen, D) to hydrogen (H) ratio in methane. Deuterium is believed to have formed in the Big Bang, and hydrogen is the most abundant nucleus in the universe. The D\/H ratio on a planetary body yields information about the origin, geologic history and formation pathways of compounds containing hydrogen.<\/p>\n

The lead author of the study appearing in the April 2024<\/a> issue of Icarus<\/em> was Christopher Glein, a planetary scientist and geochemist at the Southwest Research Institute.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe moderate D\/H ratio we observed with JWST belies the presence of primordial methane on an ancient surface,\u201d Glein says. \u201cPrimordial methane would have a much higher D\/H ratio. Instead, the D\/H ratio points to geochemical origins for methane produced in the deep interior.\u201d<\/p>\n

Glein says the D\/H ratio is like a window into the subsurface, and data suggests elevated temperatures in the rocky cores of these worlds to where methane can be cooked up. Molecular nitrogen (N2<\/sub>) could be produced also and was seen on Eris. Hot cores could point to potential sources of liquid water beneath their icy surfaces as well.<\/p>\n

Will Grundy, an astronomer at Lowell Observatory and lead author of the study appearing in Icarus\u2019<\/em> March 2024<\/a> issue, says that their finding of a carbon isotope ratio (13<\/sup>C\/12<\/sup>C) suggests relatively recent resurfacing.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf Eris and Makemake hosted, or perhaps could still host warm, or even hot, geochemistry in their rocky cores, cryovolcanic processes could then deliver methane to the surfaces of the planets, perhaps in geologically recent times,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n

Pinilla-Alonso helped obtain and analyze the data, specifically the characterization of the special features in the dwarf planet spectra that were attributed to deuterium (D, an isotope of H). She is also the co-principal investigator of the Webb proposal that provided the data.<\/p>\n

She says the study of isotopologues on the surfaces of dwarf planets Eris and Makemake marks a significant breakthrough, shedding light on the outer solar system’s complex nature.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe measured D\/H ratios on Eris and Makemake are much lower than the D\/H ratio observed in primordial surfaces in the solar system, for example, the comet 67P\/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, recently visited by a spacecraft,\u201d Pinilla-Alonso says. \u201cThe distinct isotopic ratios suggest that the hydrogen atoms in the methane on Eris and Makemake likely originated from water, indicating geochemical processes in their warm or even hot deep interiors. These findings, with implications for habitability considerations, highlight JWST’s pivotal role.\u201d<\/p>\n

Researchers\u2019 Credentials<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pinilla-Alonso joined UCF in 2015 as an associate scientist in planetary science at the Florida Space Institute. She was also the deputy principal scientist of the Arecibo Observatory since 2017. She received her doctorate in astrophysics and planetary sciences from the Universidad de La Laguna in Spain. Pinilla-Alonso also holds a joint appointment as a professor in UCF\u2019s Department of Physics<\/a>.<\/p>\n

de Souza Feliciano received her doctorate in astronomy from Observat\u00f3rio Nacional de Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and is part of\u00a0UCF\u2019s Preeminent Postdoctoral Program<\/a>. She studies the surface composition of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). She is involved in DiSCo-TNOs: Discovering the composition of the trans-Neptunian objects, icy embryos for planet formation, a James Webb Space Telescope program that will observe almost 60 TNOs and is led by Pinilla-Alonso.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The findings show the icy worlds Eris and Makemake are more internally evolved than once believed and set the stage for considering them as the most distant candidates for habitability in the solar system.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":66,"featured_media":139763,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"lazy_load_responsive_images_disabled":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":"","_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"categories":[5,23,24],"tags":[11,982,10899,1775,4361],"tu_author":[],"class_list":["post-139691","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-colleges","category-research","category-science-technology","tag-graduate-studies","tag-college-of-sciences","tag-department-of-physics","tag-florida-space-instit","tag-space"],"yoast_head":"\nUCF Researchers Help Find Evidence of Geothermal Activity within Icy Dwarf Planets | University of 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