{"id":20826,"date":"2011-03-02T16:09:40","date_gmt":"2011-03-02T21:09:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/?p=20826"},"modified":"2011-03-02T16:09:40","modified_gmt":"2011-03-02T21:09:40","slug":"overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\/","title":{"rendered":"Overcoming Communism and Corruption in Russia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sergei Khrushchev, a scholar and son of former Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, evaluated Russia\u2019s political evolution and transition from communism during a presentation at the University of Central Florida.<\/p>\n<p>The event, which was organized by the UCF Global Perspectives Office as a feature of the 2010-2011 theme \u201cGlobal Peace and Security,\u201d was attended by nearly 400 people.<\/p>\n<p>Khrushchev discussed the history and nature of governance in Russia, explaining that his father gradually attempted reforms to the political and economic systems in the 1960s as part of his strategy to move Russia away from Joseph Stalin\u2019s legacy.\u00a0 But Russian development has always fallen into a pattern of reform, followed by stagnation and more reforms, he said.<\/p>\n<p>Khrushchev spoke of former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev\u2019s proposals for reform, praising them as great ideas, but saying it was not feasible to make such improvements overnight.<\/p>\n<p>That attitude&#8211; wanting instant and dramatic change&#8211; is a recurring theme in Russian history that sets it apart from the West, he said. Khrushchev compared how the West gradually adopted some of Karl Marx\u2019s ideas and came up with social democracy to Russia\u2019s approach of using the same ideas to launch a revolution and establish its form of communism.<\/p>\n<p>The desire for instant and dramatic change also played a role in the collapse of the Soviet Union, Khrushchev added. Russians wanted immediate reforms, but the efforts were not very successful. He said former Russian President Boris Yeltsin\u2019s era started with great hope, but it quickly moved in the opposite direction as Yeltsin scrapped the constitution and consolidated power under the executive branch.<\/p>\n<p>Vladimir Putin\u2019s presidency in Russia had its good and bad features, Khrushchev explained.\u00a0 Putin improved education and helped the Russian economy grow tremendously, but corruption reached even worse levels, and censorship and repression of opposition became commonplace, he said.<\/p>\n<p>With Putin serving as prime minister, current President Dmitry Medvedev\u2019s presidency has essentially been an extension of Putin\u2019s policies, according to Khrushchev.\u00a0 Medvedev and Putin may have made some public displays of fighting corruption, but Khrushchev suggested it is impossible to get any justice in a polluted system, where bribes cost Russia an estimated 3 percent of the country\u2019s GDP each year.<\/p>\n<p>The reality of Russia today is that the country is ruled by the police, mafia and corruption, Khrushchev said. He voiced concern that upcoming elections will likely determined by the current administration, because voters will be too afraid to vote for anyone else.<\/p>\n<p>He expressed worry over the growth of a nationalist movement in Russia that idolizes Stalin and expresses a great deal of hatred to other nationalities. He acknowledged that there is still a threat of tyranny in Russia, but expressed hope that the situation will improve in the future.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDemocracy involves changing the mentality of a society,\u201d Khrushchev said.\u00a0 \u201cWe cannot create this kind of society overnight.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In addition to the Global Perspectives Office, sponsors and partners of Khrushchev\u2019s presentation included the UCF Global Peace and Security Studies Program, The Sibille H. Pritchard Global Peace Fellowship program, Lawrence J. Chastang and the Chastang Foundation, the Orlando Area Committee on Foreign Relations, LarsonAllen LLP, the UCF Diplomacy Program, the UCF Political Science Department, the UCF International Services Center, UCF LIFE and the Global Connections Foundation.<\/p>\n<p>For a full list of upcoming events or to learn more about the Global Perspectives Office, visit <a href=\"http:\/\/ucfglobalperspectives.org\/\">http:\/\/ucfglobalperspectives.org<\/a> or follow the office on Twitter at <a href=\"http:\/\/twitter.com\/UCF_Global\">http:\/\/twitter.com\/UCF_Global<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Sergei Khrushchev, a scholar and son of former Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, evaluated Russia\u2019s political evolution and transition from communism during a presentation at the University of Central Florida. The event, which was organized by the UCF Global Perspectives Office as a feature of the 2010-2011 theme \u201cGlobal Peace and Security,\u201d was attended by nearly 400 people. Khrushchev discussed the&hellip;","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":20827,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"template-twocol.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"lazy_load_responsive_images_disabled":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":"","_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[4230,4907],"tu_author":[],"class_list":["post-20826","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-community","tag-sergei-khrushchev","tag-ucf-office-of-global-perspectives"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Overcoming Communism and Corruption in Russia | University of Central Florida News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sergei Khrushchev, a scholar and son of former Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, evaluated Russia\u2019s political evolution and transition from communism\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Overcoming Communism and Corruption in Russia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sergei Khrushchev, a scholar and son of former Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, evaluated Russia\u2019s political evolution and transition from communism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"University of Central Florida News | UCF Today\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/UCF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-03-02T21:09:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2011\/03\/sk.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"226\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"345\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Courtney Gilmartin \u201910 \u201916MA\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@UCF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@UCF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Courtney Gilmartin \u201910 \u201916MA\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Courtney Gilmartin \u201910 \u201916MA\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/71ca2d3ab8063db7d2e4af92e56715d4\"},\"headline\":\"Overcoming Communism and Corruption in Russia\",\"datePublished\":\"2011-03-02T21:09:40+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":588,\"commentCount\":1,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/blogs.dir\\\/20\\\/files\\\/2011\\\/03\\\/sk.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Sergei Khrushchev\",\"UCF Office of Global Perspectives\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Community\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2011\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\\\/\",\"name\":\"Overcoming Communism and Corruption in Russia | University of Central Florida News\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/blogs.dir\\\/20\\\/files\\\/2011\\\/03\\\/sk.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2011-03-02T21:09:40+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/71ca2d3ab8063db7d2e4af92e56715d4\"},\"description\":\"Sergei Khrushchev, a scholar and son of former Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, evaluated Russia\u2019s political evolution and transition from communism\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/blogs.dir\\\/20\\\/files\\\/2011\\\/03\\\/sk.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/blogs.dir\\\/20\\\/files\\\/2011\\\/03\\\/sk.jpg\",\"width\":226,\"height\":345,\"caption\":\"Khrushchev discussed his father, former Soviet presidents and Russia's political future.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Overcoming Communism and Corruption in Russia\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/\",\"name\":\"University of Central Florida News | UCF Today\",\"description\":\"Central Florida Research, Arts, Technology, Student Life and College News, Stories and More\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/71ca2d3ab8063db7d2e4af92e56715d4\",\"name\":\"Courtney Gilmartin \u201910 \u201916MA\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4cb7d719bb1d8f7c798ea48c1a72ff4ac6159480e37f50a818d31a24de70f89b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4cb7d719bb1d8f7c798ea48c1a72ff4ac6159480e37f50a818d31a24de70f89b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4cb7d719bb1d8f7c798ea48c1a72ff4ac6159480e37f50a818d31a24de70f89b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Courtney Gilmartin \u201910 \u201916MA\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/author\\\/cgilmart\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\\\/#local-main-organization-logo\",\"url\":\"\",\"contentUrl\":\"\",\"caption\":\"University of Central Florida\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Overcoming Communism and Corruption in Russia | University of Central Florida News","description":"Sergei Khrushchev, a scholar and son of former Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, evaluated Russia\u2019s political evolution and transition from communism","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Overcoming Communism and Corruption in Russia","og_description":"Sergei Khrushchev, a scholar and son of former Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, evaluated Russia\u2019s political evolution and transition from communism","og_url":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\/","og_site_name":"University of Central Florida News | UCF Today","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/UCF","article_published_time":"2011-03-02T21:09:40+00:00","og_image":[{"width":226,"height":345,"url":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2011\/03\/sk.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Courtney Gilmartin \u201910 \u201916MA","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@UCF","twitter_site":"@UCF","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Courtney Gilmartin \u201910 \u201916MA","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\/"},"author":{"name":"Courtney Gilmartin \u201910 \u201916MA","@id":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/71ca2d3ab8063db7d2e4af92e56715d4"},"headline":"Overcoming Communism and Corruption in Russia","datePublished":"2011-03-02T21:09:40+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\/"},"wordCount":588,"commentCount":1,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2011\/03\/sk.jpg","keywords":["Sergei Khrushchev","UCF Office of Global Perspectives"],"articleSection":["Community"],"inLanguage":"en-US","copyrightYear":"2011","copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/#organization"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\/","name":"Overcoming Communism and Corruption in Russia | University of Central Florida News","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2011\/03\/sk.jpg","datePublished":"2011-03-02T21:09:40+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/71ca2d3ab8063db7d2e4af92e56715d4"},"description":"Sergei Khrushchev, a scholar and son of former Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, evaluated Russia\u2019s political evolution and transition from communism","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2011\/03\/sk.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2011\/03\/sk.jpg","width":226,"height":345,"caption":"Khrushchev discussed his father, former Soviet presidents and Russia's political future."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Overcoming Communism and Corruption in Russia"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/","name":"University of Central Florida News | UCF Today","description":"Central Florida Research, Arts, Technology, Student Life and College News, Stories and More","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/71ca2d3ab8063db7d2e4af92e56715d4","name":"Courtney Gilmartin \u201910 \u201916MA","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4cb7d719bb1d8f7c798ea48c1a72ff4ac6159480e37f50a818d31a24de70f89b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4cb7d719bb1d8f7c798ea48c1a72ff4ac6159480e37f50a818d31a24de70f89b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4cb7d719bb1d8f7c798ea48c1a72ff4ac6159480e37f50a818d31a24de70f89b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Courtney Gilmartin \u201910 \u201916MA"},"url":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/author\/cgilmart\/"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/overcoming-communism-and-corruption-in-russia\/#local-main-organization-logo","url":"","contentUrl":"","caption":"University of Central Florida"}]}},"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2011\/03\/sk-197x300.jpg","primary_category":6,"primary_tag":4230,"author_byline":"Courtney Gilmartin \u201910 \u201916MA","acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20826","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20826"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20826\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20827"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20826"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20826"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20826"},{"taxonomy":"tu_author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tu_author?post=20826"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}