{"id":20311,"date":"2020-10-20T14:56:03","date_gmt":"2020-10-20T14:56:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/pegasus\/?p=20311&#038;post_type=story"},"modified":"2025-07-16T14:06:37","modified_gmt":"2025-07-16T14:06:37","slug":"is-cancel-culture-effective","status":"publish","type":"story","link":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/pegasus\/is-cancel-culture-effective\/","title":{"rendered":"Is Cancel Culture Effective?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Fall 2020\u00a0<\/em>|\u00a0<em>By <strong>Nicole Dudenhoefer\u00a0\u201917 <\/strong>| Illustrations by Matt Chase<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Mob mentality. A modern social justice practice. An impediment to free speech. A platform for marginalized voices. Call it what you will. Cancel culture is a concept so hotly debated that it remains in limbo, much like many individuals\u2019 attitudes toward it.<\/p>\n<p>The one common theme everyone seems to agree on is that cancel culture involves taking a public stance against an individual or institution for actions considered objectionable or offensive. But is it an effective way to hold those in positions accountable, or is it punishment without a chance for redemption?<\/p>\n<p>In July, when <em>Harper\u2019s Magazine<\/em> published \u201cA Letter on Justice and Open Debate\u201d \u2014 a critique on cancel culture without directly naming it \u2014 it was met with immediate backlash. The letter was initially signed by 153 notable individuals, including J.K. Rowling \u2014 who has recently faced calls for cancellation due to social media comments considered transphobic by some. For Mel Stanfill, UCF assistant professor of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/degree\/texts-and-technology-phd\/\">texts and technology<\/a>, the letter is an example of how cancel culture can be a complicated practice.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI think cancel culture can reflect awareness that people are not willing to accept things that they used to accept or have not been able to resist in the past, but in some ways it\u2019s a moral panic,\u201d says Stanfill, who is also an assistant professor of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/degree\/english-ba\/\">English<\/a>. \u201cThe <em>Harper\u2019s<\/em> letter was a bunch of really rich and famous people writing in a national magazine about how they\u2019ve been silenced \u2014 yet they still get access to this forum. So it highlights the fact that [cancel culture is] this fear over something that is not actually real. So if we\u2019re going to talk about cancel culture, we can\u2019t talk about it in isolation, we have to put it in context.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[photo id=&#8221;20561&#8243; title=&#8221;FA2020-CancelCulture-line-800&#215;50&#8243; alt=&#8221;&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221;][\/photo]<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Influences From Black Culture<\/h2>\n<p>While public shaming and silencing are practices that have been around as long as society itself, cancel culture is a somewhat new concept with specific ties to Black culture.<\/p>\n<p>According to the news site Vox, the first reference of canceling a person in pop culture possibly comes from the 1991 movie <em>New Jack City<\/em>, when Wesley Snipes\u2019 character, Nino Brown, says, \u201cCancel that [woman]. I\u2019ll buy another one,\u201d referencing his girlfriend\u2019s disapproval of his violent ways. In 2010, rapper Lil Wayne referenced the quote in his song \u201cI\u2019m Single.\u201d But it was after a 2014 <em>Love &amp; Hip-Hop: New York<\/em>\u00a0episode when cast member Cisco Rosado told his love interest \u201cYou\u2019re canceled,\u201d that the term gained traction on social media. Soon after, Black Twitter began using it both jokingly and seriously to express their disagreement with others.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere are also these series of practices on Twitter, some of which have come from Black Twitter, of skilled insults, which come from the Dozens, a game common in Black communities of finding clever ways to put someone down,\u201d Stanfill says.<\/p>\n<p>And while cancel culture\u2019s origins are linked to playful banter, it also stems from one form of protest: boycotting. Started by the Irish in the 1880s, boycotting became a powerful social and political tool used successfully by African Americans during the civil rights movement, such as the Montgomery bus boycott sparked by Rosa Parks.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf you don\u2019t have the ability to stop something through political means, what you can do is refuse to participate,\u201d said Anne Charity Hudley \u2014 North Hall Endowed Chair in the Linguistics of African America at the University of California, Santa Barbara \u2014 in the same Vox article. \u201cCanceling is a way to acknowledge that you don\u2019t have to have the power to change structural inequality. You don\u2019t even have to have the power to change all of public sentiment. But as an individual, you can still have power beyond measure.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The internet heightens that power by collectively amplifying the voices of marginalized people who may be a minority \u2014 and otherwise silenced \u2014 in their physical communities. It\u2019s also allowed others to become aware and support them as allies.<\/p>\n<p>Since #BlackLivesMatter began in 2014 after George Zimmerman was acquitted for killing Trayvon Martin, the hashtag has grown into a historic global movement. For decades, Black communities have spoken out about racial injustices and police brutality, but social media has bolstered attention around these issues and seriously shifted the nation\u2019s recognition of the need for change \u2014 especially after the death of George Floyd.<\/p>\n<p>Social media\u2019s public access has also allowed this form of public shaming to become a practice for people of all backgrounds to address varying issues.<\/p>\n<p>[photo id=&#8221;20561&#8243; title=&#8221;FA2020-CancelCulture-line-800&#215;50&#8243; alt=&#8221;&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221;][\/photo]<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Public Shaming Throughout Human History<\/h2>\n<p>A core element of cancel culture, public shaming has been used since societies were first formed. Stocks, or public restraints, were used in medieval Europe up through Colonial America, where Puritans used them to punish criminals. Tarring and feathering was also a form of public corporal punishment used to keep people in line. And during World War II, French women who were deemed traitors had their heads shaved, says <strong>Stacey (Barreto) DiLiberto \u201903 \u201911PhD<\/strong>, a UCF lecturer in philosophy.<\/p>\n<p>Though often tied to personal punishment, public shaming has also been understood to be a positive social practice.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPublic shaming is a long-standing public ritual that helped to uphold social bonds and make sure people within communities were equal and understood the norms, and to ensure no one got too high and mighty,\u201d says Amanda Koontz, UCF associate professor of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/degree\/sociology-ba\/\">sociology<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>One common example, Koontz notes, comes from the !Kung people, a band society \u2014 the simplest known form of society \u2014 in southern Africa. During Christmas 1969, Canadian anthropologist Robert Borshay Lee presented the group with a large ox as a gift. Members made fun of his offering and called it a \u201cbag of bones,\u201d and it was later explained that this \u201cshaming of the meat\u201d practice was standard to keep someone humble whenever they brought back a large kill.<\/p>\n<p>[callout background=&#8221;#a2d8fd&#8221; content_align=&#8221;left&#8221; affix=&#8221;false&#8221; css_class=&#8221;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"\"><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cWe have a tendency sometimes to say things via social media or other platforms that maybe we wouldn\u2019t say if we were face to face with someone.\u201d<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>[\/callout]<\/p>\n<p>This type of equalizing is understood to be a positive practice as the !Kung\u2019s strong communal bonds have not been disrupted by the complex issues of modern societies, such as racism, sexism and political polarization. The in-person practice among people you know and live with also doesn\u2019t translate to the scale of the global internet community, where often you\u2019re ultimately engaging with strangers.<\/p>\n<p>Celebrities have always been highly susceptible to public criticism because of the nature of their privileged position. But in the era of cancel culture, they\u2019re even more susceptible because they\u2019re often viewed as agents of change, Koontz says.<\/p>\n<p>The #MeToo movement is one example of how publicly calling out powerful individuals can lead to a widespread cultural shift. When sexual abuse allegations against former film producer Harvey Weinstein became public in 2017, it led to his conviction as a sex offender. Other influential people have faced their own reckonings for similar misconducts, and societal attitudes toward sexism and sexual harassment are becoming more intolerant.<\/p>\n<p>But sometimes, public denouncement of powerful individuals can have the opposite effect of what is intended. When the <em>Surviving R. Kelly<\/em> docuseries premiered in January 2019, #MuteRKelly began trending, calling for the singer\u2019s conviction for sexual crimes and an end to his career. But the increased negative attention around the artist seemed to backfire as on-demand streams for his music increased from 1.9 million the day before the docuseries began airing to 4.3 million \u2014 a 126 percent increase \u2014 on the day after the three-day premiere concluded.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe general public seems to have this power to hold accountable people who we\u2019ve historically deemed powerful entities, but is that authority ultimately fleeting?\u201d DiLiberto asks. \u201cYes, celebrities are real people too, and they say stupid things and do reprehensible things as well. But why should we care so much about what they do, as opposed to our own actions or our immediate community around us?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[photo id=&#8221;20561&#8243; title=&#8221;FA2020-CancelCulture-line-800&#215;50&#8243; alt=&#8221;&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221;][\/photo]<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>The Digital Divide<\/h2>\n<p>Whether you view cancel culture as empowering or destructive, the practice says a lot about our current cultural climate, which has been influenced by the increasingly digital world we inhabit.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe don\u2019t have this distinction anymore between public and private, and it\u2019s almost as if we\u2019re living more of our lives online than we are in the real, tangible world,\u201d DiLiberto says.<\/p>\n<p>This new way of living seems to be even more true during 2020, a time when we seem to be in constant crisis \u2014 from the COVID-19 pandemic to a resurgence in public awareness around long-standing racial injustices \u2014 all within an especially important election year. People are experiencing more unrest and heightened isolation, leading us to spend more time online. Globally, new social media users have grown by about 11 percent this year, and people are spending about 40 percent more time on social media, according to a July report from DataReportal.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf something comes on your timeline or feed, and it\u2019s outrageous or terrible, we often have this knee-jerk reaction, rather than really investigating issues or listening,\u201d DiLiberto says. \u201cWe share so much stuff online, and we have a tendency sometimes to say things via social media or other platforms that maybe we wouldn\u2019t say if we were face to face with someone.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[photo id=&#8221;20560&#8243; title=&#8221;FA2020-CancelCulture-hands-800&#215;500&#8243; alt=&#8221;&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221;][\/photo]<\/p>\n<p>In instances where someone has done something particularly egregious, perhaps committing a serious crime such as sexual assault, the case to cancel may seem clear-cut. But in other instances where certain behaviors may be more questionable than seriously problematic, deeper thinking, which requires time and effort, about the person and issues is required but rarely happens.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe instant nature of social media means that very large, complicated social issues get condensed into one sentence, one minute for TikTok [videos] or just a photo on Instagram,\u201d Koontz says. \u201cEverything is becoming very succinct, and it both discourages nuanced discussion and encourages all-or-nothing stances. Cancel culture is \u2018You\u2019re all good, or you\u2019re all bad,\u2019 and human nature is much more complicated than that.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Humans are flawed beings, and it\u2019s in our nature to make mistakes. And tactics such as online doxxing \u2014 publicizing private or identifying information \u2014 and their potentially permanent effects could leave everyone susceptible to being canceled. It\u2019s worth asking, what motivates authentic, positive change?<\/p>\n<p>Amy Cooper \u2014 a white woman who called emergency services regarding Christian Cooper, a Black man, during a viral Central Park dispute about her illegally unleashed dog \u2014 has been fired from her job, charged with a misdemeanor for filing a false police report, and faced notoriety and ridicule. Cooper has apologized for her actions, but who determines the sincerity of it? She was dealt real consequences, yet racist incidents continue to happen and appear online daily.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen you have these forms of public shaming [oftentimes through] filming these interactions, it turns social issues into something that is completely individualized,\u201d Koontz says. \u201cIt puts great responsibility on an individual, and it does not [always] encourage actual societal change. We haven\u2019t taken care of the larger institutional or systemic issues.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Social media has certainly changed the way we communicate, providing more ways to connect than ever before. But in many ways, it\u2019s dividing us and causing us to focus our energy where it isn\u2019t always needed.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSo often we are told, \u2018We must act and speak out, or we are part of the problem,\u2019 and therefore we are not necessarily taught or trained that inaction or not speaking out can be a form of social-justice action,\u201d Koontz says. \u201cAt some point, we need to think about ways we can create positive change instead of fueling negative causes.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps we all need to take a step back and listen.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":20553,"template":"","categories":[977],"tags":[1502,341,1503,1501,1504],"class_list":["post-20311","story","type-story","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-feature","tag-amanda-koontz","tag-college-of-arts-and-humanities","tag-mel-stanfill","tag-stacey-diliberto","tag-texts-and-technology","issues-1462","issues-fall-2020"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Is Cancel Culture Effective? 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