{"id":21090,"date":"2021-03-17T17:19:41","date_gmt":"2021-03-17T17:19:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/pegasus\/?p=21090&#038;post_type=story"},"modified":"2025-03-17T14:11:52","modified_gmt":"2025-03-17T14:11:52","slug":"the-popes-meteor-man","status":"publish","type":"story","link":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/pegasus\/the-popes-meteor-man\/","title":{"rendered":"The Pope&#8217;s Meteor Man"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Spring 2021<\/em> |\u00a0<em>By Jenna Marina Lee<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: left; margin-top: -5px; margin-bottom: -20px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/pegasus\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/4\/files\/2021\/03\/MeteorMan-PEG-SPR21-Web-A-130x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100px\" \/><span class=\"sr-only\">A<\/span>s Neil Armstrong and Edwin \u201cBuzz\u201d Aldrin landed on the moon July 20, 1969, Pope Paul VI watched the historic moment from the Vatican Observatory at Castel Gandolfo near Rome.<\/p>\n<p>Shortly after touchdown, the pope transmitted a blessing to the American astronauts: \u201cHonor, greetings and blessings to you, conquerors of the moon, pale lamp of our nights and our dreams! Bring to her, with your living presence, the voice of the spirit, a hymn to God, our Creator and our Father. We are close to you, with our good wishes and with our prayers.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The moon landing epitomized the limitless potential of mankind, inspired our insatiable pursuit of knowledge, and furthered our awe and wonder with the universe. And in some ways, the moon landing was like coming home.<\/p>\n<p>For the moon, the sun, the Earth, even humans \u2014 we are all connected by the very thing that made us: stardust.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere is a tendency for us to see the mundane \u2014 which is literally the stuff of the Earth \u2014 and then there\u2019s the stuff out there <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/space\/\">in space<\/a>,\u201d says Brother <b>Robert Macke \u201910PhD<\/b>, a UCF <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/degree\/physics-phd\/\">physics<\/a> alum who serves as the curator of the Vatican\u2019s meteorite collection. \u201cBut the stuff out there and the mundane are really connected. We are part of the same universe. That\u2019s one reason to understand and learn about it. It\u2019s not just out there. It\u2019s here [within us] too.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"text-center\">[photo id=&#8221;21428&#8243; title=&#8221;MeteorMan-PEG-SPR21-Web-divider1&#8243; alt=&#8221;&#8221; width=&#8221;300px&#8221;][\/photo]<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: left; margin-top: -5px; margin-right: -5px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/pegasus\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/4\/files\/2021\/03\/MeteorMan-PEG-SPR21-Web-b-116x116.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"85px\" \/><span class=\"sr-only\">B<\/span>efore COVID, the question I got most often from people when they learned I worked at the Vatican was, \u2018When can I visit?\u2019 \u201d Macke says with a laugh from his office at the observatory, located one floor below his residence.<\/p>\n<p>While the general public may be surprised to learn the Vatican has an observatory, secular astronomers and scientists are very much aware of Catholics\u2019 contributions to the field.<\/p>\n<p>More than 30 craters on the moon and several asteroids are named after Jesuit scientists. The Gregorian calendar \u2014 which is nearly universal today \u2014 was developed by Jesuit priest Christopher Clavius. The originator of the Big Bang theory, Monsignor Georges Lema\u00eetre, was a priest as well.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe origin of the universe is still shrouded in mystery, and the Vatican Observatory is a world-class operation employing some of the best people in the world who try to deal with these questions on a daily basis in a scientific way,\u201d says Dan Britt, Pegasus Professor of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/degree\/astronomy-minor\/\">astronomy<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/degree\/physics-ms\/planetary-sciences\/\">planetary sciences<\/a>. \u201cThe better you understand reality, the better you can deal with the world and the universe \u2014 and the better you know your limitations but also your possibilities. What the scientists at the Vatican Observatory are interested in doing is increasing the human race\u2019s possibilities.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>And yet, it isn\u2019t just science alone that contributes to that quest. Inherent within scientific research and discovery are elements of awe and wonder; elements that are also inherent within faith and our connection to the universe.<\/p>\n<p>Every phenomenon in the world can be subjected to a slew of scientific and rigorous questions that result in a pretty complete answer rooted in fact and reason. But those conclusions still do not always give us the full picture, says Bruce Janz, a UCF <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/degree\/philosophy-ba\/\">philosophy<\/a> professor with a background in<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/degree\/religion-and-cultural-studies-ba\/\"> religious studies<\/a>.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/pegasus\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/4\/files\/2021\/03\/MeteorMan-PEG-SPR21-Web-macke-360x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"360px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u201cYou can know everything about childbirth in terms of the biology and medical practice, and that still doesn\u2019t explain the wonder of it all,\u201d Janz says. \u201cIt is possible to assign the causal questions to science and the questions of meaning to other domains. Philosopher Immanuel Kant tried to do something like that \u2014 he made a distinction between questions we can know scientifically, like the Earth revolving around the sun, and questions we can\u2019t know scientifically but we can still think about, like what makes art beautiful? In other words, while scientific reason is crucial for everything, it might not be sufficient to reflect all human experience.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Astronauts have been known to experience this dichotomy in space. It\u2019s referred to as the overview effect. Through personal journal entries and interviews, astronauts of various nationalities and religious backgrounds have described the astonishment felt while gazing upon the Earth from above.<\/p>\n<p>[callout background=&#8221;#383838&#8243; content_align=&#8221;center&#8221; affix=&#8221;false&#8221; css_class=&#8221;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>[blockquote source=&#8221;Dan Britt, UCF Pegasus Professor&#8221; cite=&#8221;&#8221; color=&#8221;#D4A34E&#8221; css_class=&#8221;&#8221;]\u201cThe better you understand reality, the better you can deal with the world and the universe \u2014 and the better you know your limitations but also your possibilities.\u201d[\/blockquote]<\/p>\n<p>[\/callout]<\/p>\n<p>Inspired by this concept, Janz and a team of UCF researchers conducted a two-year study in 2011 to better understand the awe and wonder astronauts experienced.<\/p>\n<p>Using an approach that combines psychological, neuroscientific and philosophical methods, they found that it was indeed possible to elicit experiences of the two emotions in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/modeling-simulation\/\">deliberate simulation<\/a>. Their findings appear to show that awe and wonder are not necessarily just a transcendental experience, but a natural one, which means it is able to be studied.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf they\u2019re a natural experience, it doesn\u2019t mean they\u2019re not potentially religious,\u201d Janz says. \u201cIt just means it has something to do with the structures of our brains. \u2026 Awe is about a set of new possibilities. Once you\u2019ve exhausted your way of thinking about the world, awe suggests there\u2019s a much bigger, much different and maybe exciting new way to look at the world.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The study further explains that awe motivates wonder, and wonder has the potential to change one\u2019s life. For instance, Janz asks, as we work toward making long-term space travel possible \u2014 such as a mission to Mars \u2014 how could studies on awe and wonder help astronauts stave off their negative counterpart, dread?<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe beauty of science is that every time that we get answers, we end up with more questions,\u201d Britt says. \u201cAll of us are working on little pieces of this puzzle. Some of us sometimes get a big chunk of that puzzle, but most of us just chip away \u2014 some successfully, some not so successfully \u2014 at these little pieces. I think the more we know doesn\u2019t take away from the magic because there\u2019s an infinite amount of awe and wonder about what\u2019s going on around us.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"text-center\">[photo id=&#8221;21429&#8243; title=&#8221;MeteorMan-PEG-SPR21-Web-divider2&#8243; alt=&#8221;A star and planets&#8221; width=&#8221;300px&#8221;][\/photo]<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: left; margin-top: -5px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/pegasus\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/4\/files\/2021\/03\/MeteorMan-PEG-SPR21-Web-m-116x116.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"85px\" \/><span class=\"sr-only\">M<\/span>acke chips away at the unknown one small step at a time through his research with meteorites. His work is inspired by a Latin phrase that serves as the motto of the Vatican Observatory: <i>Deum creatorem venite adoremus<\/i>. Come, let us adore God the Creator.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBy doing science, we are appreciating the God that created this universe,\u201d Macke says. \u201cFor us, science is a form of worship.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Pope Leo XIII formalized the Vatican Observatory on a hillside behind the dome of St. Peter\u2019s Basilica in 1891 \u2014 more than 250 years after the Catholic Church\u2019s condemnation and imprisonment of astronomer Galileo Galilei for his belief that the Earth revolves around the sun. While the church eventually cleared Galileo\u2019s name of heresy, people remember the rift rather than the resolution.<\/p>\n<p>The observatory, Macke says, has existed all these years as a sign to the world that the church does indeed support and commit itself to science.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhat we\u2019re interested in doing here is science, and we want to do good science,\u201d Macke says. \u201cAnd what we have learned scientifically helps inform our perspective on the universe as a whole and the grandness of creation.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The observatory has since moved to Castel Gandolfo, about 15 miles outside of Rome, where the skies are\u00a0not as affected by the city\u2019s light. Forty years ago, the observatory established a second center, the Vatican Observatory Research Group in Tucson, Arizona.<\/p>\n<p>Jesuits have run the observatory since 1907. Started by St. Ignatius of Loyola in the 1500s, the Society of Jesus, or Jesuits, is a religious order within the Catholic Church. Pope Francis became the first Jesuit named as the church\u2019s leader when he assumed the role in 2013.<\/p>\n<p>Jesuits most commonly work as university professors, pastors, high school teachers and chaplains but have even been Broadway actors, doctors, lawyers and of course, astronomers.<\/p>\n<p>Macke entered the Jesuits in 2001 as a brother. He has taken the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience, but he has not pursued the path to priesthood.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe way that I see it, there\u2019s the call to religious life, which is the call to the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience within the life of the Jesuit community, and then there\u2019s a separate call, the call to sacramental ministry of priesthood, to say Mass and do baptisms and perform those duties,\u201d he says. \u201cI felt the one call but not the other.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><center>[photo id=&#8221;21424&#8243; title=&#8221;MeteorMan-PEG-SPR21-Web-spot-550&#215;550&#8243; alt=&#8221;An illustration of a solar system&#8221; width=&#8221;300px&#8221;][\/photo]<\/center>As for his other call, his deep interest in space and science \u2014 just like his faith \u2014 has been ingrained in him from a young age. His father, who served in the Air Force and was a trained geologist, had a fascination with planetary sciences and hooked Macke\u2019s interest with books, photographs and slides from the Voyager and Viking missions.<\/p>\n<p>Despite these two powerful passions in his life, Macke didn\u2019t initially set his sights on working at the Vatican. It\u2019s as if the stars aligned to get him there.<\/p>\n<p>He fell into working with meteorites after being plucked by Brother Guy Consolmagno, now the director of the Vatican Observatory, to work with him at the Vatican in 2004. The two first met in 1995 at an American Astronomical Society meeting in Tucson. Consolmagno and UCF\u2019s Britt have been longtime friends and collaborators, so when a graduate student position opened in Britt\u2019s research lab in 2007, Consolmagno suggested to Macke that he apply for it.<\/p>\n<p>[callout background=&#8221;#383838&#8243; content_align=&#8221;center&#8221; affix=&#8221;false&#8221; css_class=&#8221;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>[blockquote source=&#8221;<b>Robert Macke \u201910PhD<\/b>, curator of the Vatican\u2019s meteorite collection&#8221; cite=&#8221;&#8221; color=&#8221;#D4A34E&#8221; css_class=&#8221;&#8221;]\u201cFor us, science is a form of worship.\u201d[\/blockquote]<\/p>\n<p>[\/callout]<\/p>\n<p>Macke completed his doctorate in 2010 and finished his theology studies at Boston College in 2013. Soon after, he moved to Italy to start his new role.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey knew I was a capable scientist, and a Jesuit who is a capable scientist quickly gets on the Vatican Observatory\u2019s radar,\u201d Macke says.<\/p>\n<p>Macke\u2019s day-to-day responsibilities include cataloging and maintaining the observatory\u2019s meteorite collection, which includes more than 1,100 specimens representing all meteorite types. The collection started in the early 1900s after Adrien-Charles de Mauroy, a French marquis and devout Catholic, donated his private collection of roughly 1,000 meteorites, hoping that the Vatican would start a natural history museum.<\/p>\n<p>The museum never happened, but the observatory did, and it has offered up its collection to scientists globally for research purposes. By studying meteorites, scientists are able to understand more about the origins of our solar system.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBecause the planets are big and geologically active, they\u2019re constantly making new stuff,\u201d Macke says. \u201cSo if you want to understand the really early days of the solar system, you need something that preserves the data, and that\u2019s what we have in meteorites. They\u2019re sort of like time capsules.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In October, NASA\u2019s OSIRIS-REx mission, for which UCF Professor of Physics Humberto Campins is a co-investigator, successfully retrieved an asteroid sample in space. The sample from the asteroid Bennu is expected to be delivered to Earth in 2023, and Macke\u2019s previous research on the thermal properties of meteorites will likely be an asset for the OSIRIS-REx team.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c[Macke\u2019s] work allows lots of other scientists to basically stand on his shoulders and go in a lot of different directions,\u201d Britt says. \u201cThe work that Bob has done is going to be critical in how they look at that sample and how they analyze the structure of Bennu.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/pegasus\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/4\/files\/2021\/03\/MeteorMan-PEG-SPR21-Web-spot-650x650.jpg\" alt=\"An illustration of a solar system\" width=\"550px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Despite the observatory\u2019s long history and contributions to science, many Americans believe faith and science are generally at odds with each other.<\/p>\n<p>According to a 2015 survey conducted by the Pew Research Center, \u201cthe least religiously observant Americans are most likely to perceive conflict between religion and science. More than 70% of adults who seldom or never attend religious services viewed science and religion to conflict often, while half of adults who attend religious services at least weekly reported the same.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn our world today, there is an idea that you have to choose between faith and science \u2014 do one and exclude the other,\u201d Macke says. \u201cWe are here to say no, you can do both. You can be a person of faith and a person of science.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>And that relationship just might provide a more complete understanding of our connection with the universe \u2014 and why both scientists and people of faith continue to ask questions about our origins, our existence and our purpose.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s a <i>Babylon 5 <\/i>quote: \u2018Faith and reason are the shoes on your feet. You can travel further with both than you can with just one,\u2019 \u201d Macke says. \u201cIt\u2019s not that the one is affecting the other per se. Science is a wonderful tool, but it\u2019s a tool that is useful for understanding a certain aspect of reality, which is the way the physical world operates. Faith is a way of connecting with God and with others, but it is not something that tells us much about the physical world. So between the two of them, you help to develop a more complete picture of reality that one by itself just cannot provide.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":21412,"template":"","categories":[977],"tags":[341,287,1518,1519,1452],"class_list":["post-21090","story","type-story","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-feature","tag-college-of-arts-and-humanities","tag-college-of-sciences","tag-dan-britt","tag-humberto-campins","tag-ucf-alumni","issues-spring-2021"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Pope&#039;s Meteor Man: On the Intersection of Science and Spirituality<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As curator of the Vatican\u2019s meteorite collection, Robert Macke \u201910PhD combines science and faith to explore age-old questions of how and why we are here.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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